教練不要試圖改變受助者的學習方式, 人們想改變時，才會產生真正的改變. 但可
通過更好的問題，令到客戶自我意識、自我發掘，發覺自己的需求和力量。
- 找出受助者的個人學習風格，先順水推舟，從他的思路走路，幫助他思路走到盡頭，讓他看到這風格的毛病、局限性、(再用極端性想像例子和技巧往前推他一把)，讓他真止惊懍反省
- 再用重塑信念 (reframing) 技巧，引導他看到用另一方法態度可能性產生的更佳效果，讓他選擇自發改變的動力才可自願的實施步驟才是正本清源的方法。
2009年10月3日 星期六
How to Identify your Best Learning Styles
From http://www.marin.cc.ca.us/~don/study/13styles.html
Deductive reasoning
( ) - I like to look at the big picture first, then get the details.
( ) - When learning a new game, I like to know all the rules before playing.
( ) - In an argument, I state my premises first, then draw conclusions.
Inductive reasoning
( ) - I like to see some examples when first learning a new subject, before developing an overview.
( ) - I prefer to learn the rules of a new game "as we go along".
The Two Learning Environments
Intrapersonal - working alone.
( ) - When solving word problems, I have to figure it out for myself.
( ) - Doing school work with a group often wastes a lot of time.
Interpersonal - working with others.
( ) - Before making a decision, I usually discuss it with my family or friends.
( ) - I like to do my homework with others.
What Are You Best At? Ideally, we are good with each learning style. However, what we do best can depend on our mood, the subject matter, our friends and the teacher. Our goal is to monitor our learning effectiveness and to adjust our learning styles for maximum advantage.
Copyright 1991 Donald Martin, How to be a Successful Student
People learn differently. Some prefer using pictures. Others like working in groups. How do you learn best? Here are the three major factors making up your learning style.
- The three senses - auditory, visual and kinesthetics
- The two reasoning types - deductive and inductive
- The two environments - intrapersonal and interpersonal
Check these factors as they apply to different subjects to discover your learning preferences.
The Three Senses -------
Auditory - listening
( ) - I prefer to follow verbal instructions rather than written ones.
( ) - I find it comfortable to add spoken numbers mentally.
Visual - seeing, reading and visualizing
( ) - I score high on tests that depend on reading comprehension.
( ) - I can read formulas and understand them.
( ) - I prefer maps to verbal directions when I am trying to find a place.
Kinesthetics - moving, touching, writing and doing.
( ) - When I write things down, it clarifies my thoughts.
( ) - I have to manipulate formulas in order to understand them.
( ) - I like to draw pictures.
( ) - I am good at using my hands. I enjoy lab classes.
Deductive reasoning
( ) - I like to look at the big picture first, then get the details.
( ) - When learning a new game, I like to know all the rules before playing.
( ) - In an argument, I state my premises first, then draw conclusions.
Inductive reasoning
( ) - I like to see some examples when first learning a new subject, before developing an overview.
( ) - I prefer to learn the rules of a new game "as we go along".
The Two Learning Environments
Intrapersonal - working alone.
( ) - When solving word problems, I have to figure it out for myself.
( ) - Doing school work with a group often wastes a lot of time.
Interpersonal - working with others.
( ) - Before making a decision, I usually discuss it with my family or friends.
( ) - I like to do my homework with others.
What Are You Best At? Ideally, we are good with each learning style. However, what we do best can depend on our mood, the subject matter, our friends and the teacher. Our goal is to monitor our learning effectiveness and to adjust our learning styles for maximum advantage.
Copyright 1991 Donald Martin, How to be a Successful Student
2009年10月1日 星期四
拖延不行動
From ICA
案例一
拖延的因素
案例一
- 拖延的徵兆: 焦慮、害怕、恐懼 、睡不好、做惡夢 ; 擔心失敗、害怕挑戰
- 拖延的行為: 找藉口、責罵別人、否認、埋怨
- 為什麼拖延:不喜歡的事、不重要的事、不確定的事、沒把握的事、資訊不足、是一種負擔、處於矛盾時
案例二
- 拖延的徵兆-焦急、不安、沒法放開心懷盡情玩樂。
- 拖延的行為-給自己找藉口、埋怨、想推移責任。
- 為什麼拖延-不喜歡的事、沒有回報的感覺、覺得是被迫的、所以產生嚴重的抗拒感。
拖延的因素
- 將時間投資在不對的事物上(或是說與達成目標相關性低)、不理解或是分辨不出重要的與緊急的之間的分別(invest their time in the wrong tasks. Sometimes this is simply because theydon't understand the difference between urgent tasks and important tasks)
- 他人的要求強烈或是大聲，不知如何說不或是提供其他方案，導致所剩時間少的無法做重要事情，儘管都知道那不舒服感是要去承受的 (they may not even think about theirapproach and simply be driven by the person whose demands are loudest., So, theyhave little or no time left for the important tasks, despite the unpleasantoutcomes this may bring about.)
- 或是事情多到、大到不知從何開始 ( feeling overwhelmed by the task. You may notknow where to begin.)
- 懷疑自己具備完成事情的技巧或資源 (may doubt that you have the skills orresources you think you need)
- 一直在等或是找尋“對”的心情或是“對”的時間 (Waiting for the “right” mood orthe “right” time to tackle the important task at hand)
- 能力尚未發展或培養出來，例如做決策 (Underdeveloped, such as decision makingskills)
- 組織能力差 (Poor organizational skills)
- 完美主義 (Perfectionism: "I don't have the right skills or resources to do thisperfectly now, so I won't do it at all.")
為了幫助你圍繞行動進行Coaching，你可以運用哪些工具？
尋找價值觀
- 把最重要的三個價值觀列出來, 選出最重要的並問到, 你做了.... 行動或行為來證明它是你最要的價值觀.
承諾 :讓 Client 說出他的承諾. 鼓勵公開承諾力量大.
動機 : 透過 Deming Cycle (Plan, Do, Check & Action) 給予階段性的鼓勵或 Have fun!
好的提問可以使之更有力量(empowering)
好的提問包含以下的要素
- Stimulates creativity (可刺激出創意)
- Motivates fresh thinking (可激發出新鮮的想法/思維)
- Surface underlying assumptions (可使UAC/底層的假設浮現)
- Focuses intention, attention, and energy (可專注在意圖、焦點與能量)
- Opens the door to change (可開啟改變之門)
- Leads us into the future (可引導至未來)
作為一名教練, 為了幫助你的客戶付諸行動, 你可以問他哪些有力的問題?
負面字眼的積極力量
- 您想放棄不付諸行動, 有什麼負面的後果.
- 如果你不採取行動會面臨什麼風險或損失
- 如果明天你就再也沒有辦法去做....., 你現在會決定怎麼做?
- 如果把每一天都當成最後一天, 這件是值得你現在馬上做嗎?==> 如果今天是最後的機會,你打算怎麼做?
再次澄清目標, 確定行動的目的.
- 你確認.... 是你要的嗎? 還是你只是想而已?
- 如果我給你..., 你就會行動嗎? 如果你有... 行動, 你就會快樂嗎?
正面字眼的積極力量
- 如果決定採取什麼行動可以有什麼好處?
- 有什麼事情明天做, 可以馬上有成果?如果你擁有.... 會讓你覺得很快樂你就會行動?
- 先引導他的dream , 最好看到燦爛的臉
- 如果成功(或是你喜歡的感受)是保證得到的，甚麼樣大膽的或是冒險的行動步驟你會選擇去做呢？
針對過去習慣性問題,試找出UAC
- 可否想一下過去,有計劃但無行動之情形 ?
- 當時為何會無行動 ?
行動的困難點在哪裡?
- 二種形象的對比,將 [想像行動中的自我 (描述出來)] vs [根據現在的事實]中, 行動的困難點在哪裡?
“潛在自發性許諾”（Underlying Automatic Commitment, UAC）
UAC是我們對自身以及周圍的人和事物持有的想法和理念，它的存在通常不為我們所意識。通過觀察我們的UAC，我們是在觀察我們的信念和行為，以確定其是如何來支持我們獲得更好的自我意識。
數百年前，就已經開始人類行為的分析。心靈哲學都是關於心靈與身體之間的關係。關於心靈與身體，信念和行為的理論是紛繁複雜的。
數百年前，就已經開始人類行為的分析。心靈哲學都是關於心靈與身體之間的關係。關於心靈與身體，信念和行為的理論是紛繁複雜的。
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